关键词: 量子区块链, 微电网, 电力交易, 共识算法, 信任评估

Abstract: This paper proposes a consensus algorithm for power trading based on quantum blockchain and microgrids, aiming to address the issues of high trading risk, low efficiency, and long consensus cycles in electricity trading in microgrids. Compared with existing research on blockchain applications in microgrid electricity trading, it further incorporates quantum technology, enabling more secure and stable transmission of transaction data, thereby improving the efficiency and security of electricity trading. Leveraging the powerful data-processing capabilities of quantum computing, it constructs a quantum blockchain framework tailored to microgrid electricity trading and introduces a quantitative node trust evaluation model to assess the trust level of each node, achieving deep integration between trust values and prosumer (producer-consumer) users. By combining node trust values with a quantum random number generator, it probabilistically selects consensus participants, significantly enhancing the block header identification performance of the quantum blockchain’s anonymous voting protocol. Based on this, it adopts a trust-value-based accounting rights competition mechanism to form the final block, achieving efficient consensus among nodes within each trading cycle. This mechanism allows trust values to influence the probability of nodes gaining accounting rights, thus incorporating economic incentives to encourage honest and trustworthy behavior during transactions. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve consensus efficiency among prosumer nodes in electricity trading, while also ensuring the security and operational efficiency of internal transactions within microgrids.

Key words: quantum blockchain, microgrid, electricity trading, consensus algorithm, trust evaluation