关键词: 运营战略, 项目型企业, 混合制组织结构, 多目标优化, 启发式算法

Abstract: For project-based enterprises, both project-oriented and functional (departmental) organizational structures have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Some enterprises adopt a matrix structure that combines features of both, but this often leads to conflicting directives and increased internal friction. In response to these challenges, the hybrid organizational structure has emerged as a potential solution. Given the long-standing issues of lack of operational awareness and core competitiveness in Chinese project-based enterprises, this paper analyzes the fundamental features of the project-based and functional structures. Using operations strategy (OS) priorities as the optimization objective, it develops a trade-off model for organizational structure design in project-based enterprises and constructed a two-level nested algorithm to solve the model using case studies. The results show that the optimal form of a hybrid structure depends on the specific context of each enterprise—there is no universally optimal solution. Additional findings show that mall enterprises tend to rely more on individual heroism. It is challenging for enterprises to optimize human resource costs. There is a correlation between team stability and development and the organizational flexibility of the enterprise.

Key words: operational strategy (OS), project-based enterprises, mixed organizational structure, multi-objective optimization, heuristic algorithm