关键词: 重大工程, 弃渣运输, 车辆指派, 路线优化, 环境约束, 蚁群算法

Abstract: Major linear infrastructure projects crossing complex and dangerous environments often require the construction of large-scale tunnels. The disposal of tunnel spoil in such regions must comprehensively consider multiple factors, including spoil disposal site selection, transport vehicle selection and assignment, route optimization, and environmental constraints. To balance environmental constraints, scientifically assign transport vehicles, optimize transport routes, and improve transportation cost-effectiveness, this paper develops a mathematical model covering the full process from spoil disposal site selection to spoil transportation, and used an improved genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm (ACO) to solve the model. Through simulation analysis of spoil transportation of a major project in Xizang, it verified optimization performance of the improved algorithm and model. The results show that the new-energy medium-sized vehicles are well suited to spoil transportation in Xizang, and that the shortest transportation route should be prioritized under given constraints. The case study provides a new vehicle assignment and route optimization scheme for spoil transportation decision-making, and offers references for optimizing spoil transportation management strategies for major projects under environmental constraints.

Key words: major projects, spoil transportation, vehicle assignment, route optimization, environmental constraints, ant colony optimization (ACO)