关键词: 供应链韧性, 产能预留, 新技术研发, 库存储备

Abstract: Supply chain resilience is of great significance to national security and economic development. However, major disruptions faced by supply chains in recent years have demonstrated that relying solely on inventory stockpiling is insufficient to effectively ensure supply chain resilience. To address this issue, this paper considers three types of resources: inventory storage, capacity reservation, and new technology research and development (R&D), and constructs a government decision-making model based on inventory management theory. 
The model analyzes the impact of integrating capacity reservation or new technology R&D on supply chain resilience beyond inventory reserves, and further explores whether governments should simultaneously adopt all three resources and in what sequence they should deploy them to maximize resilience improvement. The findings indicate that when reservation costs and R&D costs are relatively low, governments can economically improve supply chain resilience through capacity reservation and new technology R&D. However, the three resources are not always required simultaneously in resilient supply chains, and their optimal reserve level are closely related to the cost structure of each resource. As the fixed costs of new technology R&D increase, governments tend to substitute inventory reserves and capacity reservation for R&D resources. In addition, government budget constraints influence the utilization levels of the three resources, and as budget investment increases, governments do not proportionally increase investment in all three resources.

Key words: supply chain resilience, capacity reservation, new technology research and development (R&D), inventory reserve