关键词: 排放税, 排放标准, 减排成本, 古诺竞争

Abstract: This paper develops a Cournot competition model that incorporates emission reduction costs to compare the effects of emission tax and emission standard policies from the perspective of government. Considering the differences in emission reduction cost coefficients between two firms and the emission reduction targets set by the government, it analyzes the resulting impacts on producer surplus, consumer surplus and total emissions under each policy. The findings reveal that under an emission standard policy, regardless of the difference in emission reduction cost, higher emission standard set by the government lead to decreased emissions from both firms. In contrast, under the emission tax policy, a higher tax rate leads to lower total emissions only when the cost disparity between the two firms is relatively small. A higher tax rate set by the government is able to decrease the total emissions of the two firms. Additionally, both policies are found to disadvantage firms with higher emission reduction costs. The analysis of economic benefit and consumer surplus indicates that emission standard policy is more effective than the emission tax policy. This paper provides practical policy recommendations for governments aiming to regulate carbon emissions in different market environments.

Key words: emission tax, emission standard, emission reduction costs, Cournot competition