关键词: 电动汽车, 混合车队, 车辆路径问题

Abstract:

In view of the situation of fleet management in enterprises in which electric vehicles and traditional vehicles coexisted, this paper proposed a vehicle routing model with composition optimization for a mixed fleet of conventional and electric vehicles. The model proposed optimizes the number of the electric vehicle and the conventional vehicle in the fleet, which differed in fixed costs, variable costs, and driving range, when routing them. The recharging infrastructures were considered as well. Besides, the no-linear objective function was modified to ensure that the model was a standard linear programming problem. A hybrid heuristic algorithm containing scatter search and modified ant colony optimization was designed and proved to be effective by comparing with the Cplex solver. The results indicate that high fixed costs and low variable costs make electric vehicles need long-distance distribution, which is restricted by the limited driving range. This collision blurs the role of electric vehicles in distribution. Besides, the increase in driving range cannot completely change the configuration results of the fleet. Moreover, recharging infrastructures do influence the adoption of electric vehicles.

Key words: electric vehicle, mixed fleet, vehicle routing problem