Abstract:

In the dual context of the new infrastructure promoting balanced regional development and low carbon development, a two-phase multi-objective decision model is established for the location-routing problem for electric bus charging stations. With the goal of maximizing economic benefits and balancing regional resource utilization, the built decision-making model considers the possible charging timing of bus drivers, and constraints such as charging demand, operating time, and utilization rate. Multiple nested genetic algorithms are designed to solve the model, and the feasibility of the model is verified through numerical examples. The results indicate that only considering the objective of economic benefits will trigger drawbacks such as charging congestion and long distance travel to reach charging stations. However, the model established in this paper can effectively reduce the differences in bus charging efficiency among regions and enhance the balance of regional resource utilization. Reducing the capacity of charging stations can improve their utilization rate and economic benefits, but the balance of regional resource utilization is weakened and the capacity of charging stations is more sensitive to the travel time spent on bus charging. Appropriately increasing the objective weight of the balance of regional resource utilization is more beneficial to improving the overall optimization performance. The research results above can provide decision-making support for the location-routing planning of bus charging stations.

Key words:

location-routing problem, balance of resource utilization, bus charging station, multi-objective optimization, genetic algorithm

摘要：

在新基建助推区域平衡发展和低碳双重背景下，研究电动公交充电站选址及充电路径问题，以经济效益最大化和区域资源利用均衡为目标，考虑公交司机可能充电时机以及充电需求、运营时间、利用率等约束条件建立两阶段多目标决策模型，设计多重嵌套式遗传算法求解模型，并应用于算例检验模型可行性。结果表明：仅考虑经济效益目标会产生充电“拥挤”、路途过长等弊端，而本文模型能有效缩小区域间公交充电效率差异，提高全局资源利用均衡性；通过降低充电站容量可提高充电站利用率与经济效益，但区域资源利用均衡性会减弱，且充电站容量对公交充电路途所耗费时间的作用较为敏感；适当增加区域资源利用均衡目标的权重更有利于提高总体优化效果。研究结果可为公交充电站选址和路径规划提供决策支持。

关键词:

选址-路径问题, 资源利用均衡, 公交充电站, 多目标优化, 遗传算法