Abstract: Deep-sea mineral development is a key potential pathway for achieving a green energy transition, but its commercialization is constrained by high technological risks and the complexities of research and development collaboration. This paper, employing a novel dual-type game-theoretic approach, constructs a mathematical model involving two deep-sea mining companies and one deep-sea mineral research institution, with polymetallic nodules used as a case study for simulation analysis. The results indicate that the effective application of high-quality research outcomes significantly influences pricing decisions and capacity investment in deep-sea minerals, while high market entry barriers encourage firms to engage more in non-price competition. The feedback mechanisms within the research and development cooperation loop enhance the optimal effort level of research institutions, incentivizing the production of more applied, high-level outputs. Additionally, government research funding provides direct support and incentives to research institutions, indirectly affecting the revenues of deep-sea mining companies and their investment decisions in research and development. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the commercialization of deep-sea minerals, helping stakeholders balance competition and R&D cooperation in deep-sea mining, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the industry.

Key words: deep-sea minerals, polymetallic nodules, cooperative-non-cooperative game, resource development, research institutions

摘要： 深海矿产开发是实现能源绿色转型的关键潜在路径，但其商业化进程受制于高技术风险与复杂的产研协作难题。本文基于新的两型博弈方法，构建了一个包含两家深海矿产企业与一家深海矿产科研机构的数理模型，并以多金属结核为例进行仿真分析。研究结果表明：优质科研成果的合理应用能显著影响深海矿产的定价决策与产能投入，而深海矿产市场的高准入壁垒促使企业间更倾向于非价格竞争；深海采矿产研合作闭环系统所形成的反馈机制，有助于提升科研机构的最优努力水平，激励其产出更多应用导向的高水平成果；政府科研基金对科研机构具有直接保障与激励作用，并间接影响深海矿产企业的收益及对科研机构的投资决策。本文研究旨在为商业化深海矿产的实践提供理论依据，帮助参与者在竞争中实现深海采矿产研合作平衡，推动该产业健康发展。

关键词: 深海矿产, 多金属结核, 合作-非合作博弈, 资源开发, 科研机构