Abstract: This paper discussed the regional disparities, influencing factors, and high-level strategy of China’s equipment manufacturing industry based on the total factor productivity (TFP). The OP and LP methods were used to measure the regional TFP values, of which the OP method appeared to have a better applicability. The result showed that there existed regional disparities and the TFP of enterprises in the eastern region was the highest while that in the western region was the lowest, which was consistent with the social and economic conditions. Besides, the highest TFP growth rate in the West and the lowest in the East indicated that the TFP began to show convergence. Two methods were adopted in provincial classification. One was to classify according to the location, and the other was to classify by conducting cluster analysis using the TFP value as the independent variable. The random effect model was adopted to estimate the coefficients of influencing factors of two different classifications, and the cluster classification proved to be more reasonable. The regression analysis of influencing factors showed that TFP has a positive relationship with enterprise scale, research and development expenses, employee education expenses, subsidy income and export, and a negative relationship with the proportion of state-owned assets, but there are large regional differences. Based on the above empirical results, this paper discussed the development path of China’s high-level equipment manufacturing industry and the policy design at national and regional levels in detail.

Key words: equipment manufacturing industry, total factor productivity （TFP）, OP method, LP method, cluster analysis

摘要： 以中国区域层面的装备制造业全要素生产率（TFP）为对象，探讨了该产业的区域差异、影响因素和高端化战略。通过OP、LP两种方法对各省区TFP进行了测度，对比发现OP方法的适用性更好。就区域差异来看，东部地区企业的TFP最高，而西部地区最低，与社会经济条件相一致。此外，西部地区TFP增长率最高、东部最低，反映各地TFP开始呈现收敛性。在省区分类上，采用以区位为依据的分类，以及以3年TFP值为自变量进行聚类产生的分类两种方式。进而，利用随机效应模型对两种分类进行了影响因素分析，对比发现聚类分类方式更为合理。影响因素的回归分析表明，TFP与企业规模、研发费用、职工教育费、补贴收入以及出口额之间呈现正向关系，与国资占比呈现负相关，但区域差异较大。基于上述实证结果，对高端装备制造业的发展路径以及国家、区域两个层面的政策设计给予了详细探讨。

关键词: 装备制造业, 全要素生产训练有素, OP法, LP法, 聚类分析