Abstract: In the context of increasingly intense global competition in industrial and supply chains, rebuilding high-value and resilient supply chain networks has become a critical national strategy. Modeling methods for complex supply chain networks are key technologies for improving the visibility of deep structural layers within supply chains and enhancing the perception of potential risks. Drawing on big data and complex network theory, this paper systematically reviews the current state of research on complex supply chain network modeling, with the goal of exploring the theoretical frontier in response to major national needs. First, based on the evolution of supply chains, it clarifies the development process and conceptual connotation of complex supply chain networks. Next, by integrating domestic and international theoretical developments and modeling approaches, it categorizes and summarizes the main modeling methods. Finally, it identifies existing limitations and emerging trends in the field of complex supply chain network modeling. This paper aims to provide strategic guidance for technological innovation and breakthroughs in China’s supply chain management, and to offer theoretical support for fostering new quality productive forces and optimizing industrial chain layouts amid a volatile global landscape.

Key words: complex supply chain networks, supply chain network modeling, supply chain risk, complex networks

摘要： 在全球产业链供应链竞争日益激烈的背景下，构建高价值、强韧性的供应链网络已成为重要国家战略。复杂供应链网络建模方法是提升供应链网络深层次结构可见性、增强潜在供应链风险感知能力的关键技术。本研究基于大数据与复杂网络理论，系统梳理复杂供应链网络建模的研究现状，面向国家重大需求，探索相关理论前沿。首先，结合供应链发展历程，阐明复杂供应链网络的演进路径与概念内涵；其次，整合国内外理论与模型发展脉络，对复杂供应链网络的建模方法进行分类总结；最后，指出复杂供应链网络建模研究的既有局限及前沿趋势，为我国供应链管理领域的技术创新和突破明确方向，并为多变全球局势下发展新质生产力、优化产业链布局提供理论参考。

关键词: 复杂供应链网络, 供应链建模, 供应链风险, 复杂网络