Abstract: To optimize the layout of charging stations, the impedance function of fuel cars and electric cars was established respectively by considering the travel time and energy consumption of fuel vehicle, the travel time, the charging time, and the waiting time of electric vehicles (EVs). Besides, a charging station planning model was established using the stochastic user equilibrium principle. A numerical example confirmed the validity and practicability of the proposed model and algorithm. In addition, the optimal charging station distribution in hybrid traffic flow with different percent of EVs were proposed and the traffic network operating characteristics were further analyzed. The results show that the proposed model and the algorithm are effective and feasible. The construction of charging facilities should be scientifically adjusted according to the ratio of electric cars in the road network and the location and capacity of charging stations should be optimized according to drivers’ behavior to ensure stable and efficient operation of traffic networks.

Key words: charging station planning, stochastic user equilibrium, mixing traffic flows, bi-level programming

摘要： 为优化充电站布局，考虑燃油汽车的行程时间，出行能耗，以及电动汽车的行程时间、充电时间和等待时间等因素，分别构建燃油汽车和电动汽车的阻抗函数，利用变分不等式模型建立电动汽车和燃油汽车混合条件下的基于交通流均衡分配的充电站规划模型并提出求解算法。通过数值算例证明所提出模型和算法的有效性和实用性，提出路网内不同电动汽车比例条件下的最优充电站分布方案，并进一步分析电动汽车和燃油汽车共存条件下的交通网络运行特征。研究结果表明：所提出的模型和算法有效可行；充电设施的建设应根据电动汽车在路网中的比率进行科学调整，同时，根据驾驶者选择行为对充电站选址和容量进行规划，以保证交通网络运行状态的稳定、高效。

关键词: 充电站规划, 随机用户均衡, 混合交通流, 双层规划