Abstract:

In view of the situation of fleet management in enterprises in which electric vehicles and traditional vehicles coexisted, this paper proposed a vehicle routing model with composition optimization for a mixed fleet of conventional and electric vehicles. The model proposed optimizes the number of the electric vehicle and the conventional vehicle in the fleet, which differed in fixed costs, variable costs, and driving range, when routing them. The recharging infrastructures were considered as well. Besides, the no-linear objective function was modified to ensure that the model was a standard linear programming problem. A hybrid heuristic algorithm containing scatter search and modified ant colony optimization was designed and proved to be effective by comparing with the Cplex solver. The results indicate that high fixed costs and low variable costs make electric vehicles need long-distance distribution, which is restricted by the limited driving range. This collision blurs the role of electric vehicles in distribution. Besides, the increase in driving range cannot completely change the configuration results of the fleet. Moreover, recharging infrastructures do influence the adoption of electric vehicles.

Key words: electric vehicle, mixed fleet, vehicle routing problem

摘要：

针对电动汽车、传统汽车共存的企业车队管理现状，提出电动汽车/传统汽车混合车队配置及路径优化模型。模型考虑两类汽车在固定成本、可变成本和续航里程方面的不同，得到混合车队的最优配置及路径结果，同时考虑充电设施的影响。通过改进目标函数中可变成本的非线性特点，将模型转化为标准的线性规划。设计结合分散搜索和改进蚁群算法的混合启发式算法，并将其与Cplex进行对比，证明其有效性。结果表明：高固定成本和低可变成本使电动汽车需要长距离配送，而有限续航里程则限制了配送距离，两者的矛盾使电动汽车的定位模糊，影响企业的采纳；续航里程增加无法彻底改变车队配置结果；充电设施能够影响企业电动汽车的采纳结果。

关键词: 电动汽车, 混合车队, 车辆路径问题