Abstract: Based on the 2004 to 2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, this paper employs the EOF method to explore the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of China’s green patent output. It empirically examines the threshold effect of China’s FDI (foreign direct investment) and OFDI (outward foreign direct investment) on the intellectual property protection of green patent output and further analyzes the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of intellectual property rights protection in different regions. The results show that China’s green patents have obvious spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics during the sample period. The first modal results indicate the northeast and southeast coastal regions are high value regions and the northwest is the low value region. The second modal results manifest that the growth rate of green patent output in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, the northeast and southeast coastal regions is faster, but that in the northwest region is slower. In addition, There are significant triple and double thresholds of intellectual property protection between China’s FDI, OFDI, and green patent output. Along with the development of intellectual property protection, the coefficient of impact of FDI on green patent output has changed from positive to negative and continues to decline, while the coefficient of impact of OFDI on green patent output has changed from negative to positive and continues to rise. There exist a temporal and spatial heterogeneity in China’s regional intellectual property protection, and most regions are shifting from a low intellectual property protection intensity to a medium-high intellectual property protection intensity.

Key words: foreign direct investment （FDI）, outward foreign direct investment（OFDI）, green patent output, intellectual property protection intensity, EOF, threshold effect

摘要： 基于中国30个省份2004~2015年的面板数据，利用EOF法探究了中国绿色专利产出的时空分异特征，实证考察了中国FDI、OFDI对绿色专利产出的知识产权保护门槛效应，并进一步分析了不同地区知识产权保护的时空异质性。研究结果表明：样本期间中国绿色专利产出时空分异特征明显，第一模态结果表明，东北和东南沿海地区为高值区，西北地区为低值区；第二模态结果表明，京津冀地区、东北地区和东南沿海地区绿色专利产出增长速度较快，西北地区增长速度较慢；中国FDI、OFDI与绿色专利产出之间分别存在显著的知识产权保护三重和双重门槛，随着知识产权保护水平提升，FDI对绿色专利产出的影响系数由正转负且持续下降，OFDI对绿色专利产出的影响系数由负转正，且持续上升，两者均存在明显的门槛特征；中国双向FDI驱动绿色创新存在地区知识产权保护水平的时空异质性，大多数地区呈从低知识产权保护强度向中高知识产权保护强度跨越的态势。

关键词: 外商直接投资, 对外直接投资, 绿色专利产出, 知识产权保护强度, EOF, 门槛效应