Abstract: For project-based enterprises, both project-oriented and functional (departmental) organizational structures have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Some enterprises adopt a matrix structure that combines features of both, but this often leads to conflicting directives and increased internal friction. In response to these challenges, the hybrid organizational structure has emerged as a potential solution. Given the long-standing issues of lack of operational awareness and core competitiveness in Chinese project-based enterprises, this paper analyzes the fundamental features of the project-based and functional structures. Using operations strategy (OS) priorities as the optimization objective, it develops a trade-off model for organizational structure design in project-based enterprises and constructed a two-level nested algorithm to solve the model using case studies. The results show that the optimal form of a hybrid structure depends on the specific context of each enterprise—there is no universally optimal solution. Additional findings show that mall enterprises tend to rely more on individual heroism. It is challenging for enterprises to optimize human resource costs. There is a correlation between team stability and development and the organizational flexibility of the enterprise.

Key words: operational strategy (OS), project-based enterprises, mixed organizational structure, multi-objective optimization, heuristic algorithm

摘要： 对于项目型企业而言，项目制与部门制这两种组织结构各有其优缺点。为兼顾二者优势，部分企业采用了矩阵型组织结构。然而，该结构在实际运行中容易引发指令冲突等问题，进而加剧企业内耗。在此背景下，混合制组织结构逐渐受到关注。本文针对我国项目型企业长期运营意识薄弱与核心竞争力不足的问题，从剖析项目制与部门制的结构本质出发，以运营战略（operations strategy，OS）中的竞争重点作为优化目标，构建适用于项目型企业的组织结构权衡模型，并设计一种双层嵌套算法对算例进行求解。研究结果表明：混合制组织结构的具体形式需根据企业具体情况而定，并不存在普遍适用的最优解。此外，通过分析还发现：小型企业更加注重个人英雄主义；企业优化人力资源成本较为困难；团队稳定与发展和企业柔性之间存在一定的相关性。

关键词: 运营战略, 项目型企业, 混合制组织结构, 多目标优化, 启发式算法