Abstract: Most of the existing research focus on analyzing the influence of data empowerment on the service transformation of manufacturing industry through technical support from the “supply side”. However, whether the empowered enterprises can get the opportunity depends on the market environment created by other empowered entities for the focus enterprises. At the same time, the diversity practice of data empowerment driving manufacturing enterprise servitization shows that data empowerment driving manufacturing enterprise servitization also depends on the shaping effect of relevant factors on the relationship between data empowerment and manufacturing enterprise servitization. In view of the differentiated practice of data empowerment to drive the servitization of manufacturing enterprises in different situations, data empowerment is incorporated through the driving way that market demand affects the service of manufacturing enterprises. The core power is the adaptive matching of dynamic capability and market environment. With the help of the internal mechanism to capture the invariance of data empowerment driving manufacturing enterprise servitization and the external mechanism to capture relevant factors to shape the difference of data empowerment driving manufacturing enterprise servitization, a theoretical framework of the internal/external mechanism interaction influencing manufacturing enterprise servitization is constructed. Based on the grounded theory of qualitative research, the mechanism of data enabling driving manufacturing enterprises servitization by the case studies of three manufacturing enterprises is explored. The results show that the invariance of the relationship between data empowerment and manufacturing enterprise servitization is characterized through the internal mechanism of “data empowerment - dynamic capability and market environment adaptability matching - servitization”. The context dependence of the relationship between data empowerment and manufacturing enterprise servitization is captured through the external mechanism of “entrepreneurship - digital intelligence servitization strategic orientation - service trial and error - dynamic capability and market environment adaptability matching - servitization”. With the help of the category involved in the paradigm model, the key links of data empowerment driven manufacturing enterprise servitization are service resource reorganization, digital intelligent servitization strategy orientation and service trial and error. This paper extends the mechanism that data empowerment affects the matching of dynamic capabilities and market environment to drive the service transformation of manufacturing enterprises. It uses internal mechanism and external mechanism to coordinate the tension between the relationship invariance and practice diversity of data empowerment driving the service transformation of manufacturing enterprises, so as to provide reference, management framework, and theoretical tools for service transformation of manufacturing enterprises.

Key words: data empowerment, servitization, dynamic capability, internal/external mechanisms, adaptive matching

摘要： 现有研究多集中于从“供给侧”剖析数据赋能通过技术支撑对制造业服务转型的影响，但赋能后的企业能否获得施展机会则依赖于同被赋能的其他主体为焦点企业塑造的市场环境；同时，数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的多样性实践则表明，数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化还依赖于相关因素对数据赋能与制造企业服务化两者关系的影响。面向不同情境下数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的差异化实践，纳入数据赋能通过市场需求影响制造企业服务化的驱动途径，以动态能力与市场环境两者适应性匹配为核心动力，分别借助内在机制捕捉数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的不变性和外在机制捕捉相关因素塑造数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的差异性，构建内在、外在机制交互影响制造企业服务化的理论框架。运用质性研究的扎根理论方法，选取3家制造企业进行案例研究，探讨了数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的机理。研究发现：内在机制“数据赋能-动态能力与市场环境适应性匹配-服务化”刻画了数据赋能与制造企业服务化两者关系的不变性；外在机制“企业家精神-数智型服务化战略导向-服务试错-动态能力与市场环境适应性匹配-服务化”则捕捉了数据赋能与制造企业服务化两者关系的情境依赖性；借助于典范模型所涉及到的范畴，服务资源重组、数智型服务化战略导向、服务试错是数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的关键环节。本研究扩展了数据赋能同时通过企业动态能力与市场环境两条途径影响两者匹配驱动制造企业服务化转型的作用机理，利用内在机制/外在机制协调了数据赋能驱动制造企业服务化的关系不变性与实践多样性之间的张力，为制造企业服务化提供了管理框架和理论工具。

关键词: 数据赋能, 服务化, 动态能力, 内在机制/外在机制, 适应性匹配