Abstract:

Aimed at the problems of low security, high platform management cost, and carbon allowance trading in the current energy trading system, a carbon allowance trading architecture based on quantum blockchain is proposed. Through the establishment of a carbon emission rights allocation indicator system and the use of gray correlation analysis, the initial allocation of carbon emission rights allowances is realized and the fairness of the initial allocation of carbon allowances at participating nodes is guaranteed. The zero sum gains-data envelopment analysis (ZSG-DEA) model is used to calculate the carbon allowance utilization efficiency and optimization schemes of participating entities, and effectively promote the upgrading of the industrial structure. The embedded carbon allowance trading reward and punishment system effectively protects the interests of the subjects of emission reduction and low-carbon emissions. The quantum entangled state is used to sign smart contracts to ensure the security of quantum communication in carbon quota transactions and perform identity verification between transaction nodes. The analysis of calculation examples shows that the transaction structure can effectively guarantee the fairness of carbon allowance allocation, improve the utilization efficiency of carbon allowances, ensure the security of transaction data and user information in the carbon allowance transaction process, and promote the carbon allowance transaction process in the post-quantum era, Provide theoretical support and decision support for promoting the carbon quota trading process in the post quantum era.

Key words: carbon emission allowance, quantum blockchain, grey relational analysis method, zero-sum gains；data envelopment analysis

摘要：

针对目前能源交易体系存在安全性较低、平台管理成本较高以及碳配额交易空缺的问题，提出基于量子区块链的碳配额交易模型。通过建立碳排放权分配指标体系，采用灰色关联分析法，实现碳排放权配额的初次分配，保障参与节点碳配额初始分配的公平性。利用ZSG-DEA（Zero Sum Gains-Data Envelopment Analysis）模型，计算参与交易主体碳配额利用效率和优化方案，有效促进产业结构升级。嵌入碳配额交易奖惩系统，有效保障减排低碳主体的利益。采用量子纠缠态签名智能合约，保障碳配额交易的量子通信安全，进行交易节点间的身份验证。算例分析表明，该交易架构能够有效保障碳配额分配的公平性，提高碳配额的利用效率，保障碳配额交易过程中的交易数据和用户信息安全性，为推动后量子时代的碳配额交易进程提供理论支撑与决策支持。

关键词:

碳排放权配额, 量子区块链, 灰色关联分析法, 零和博弈, 数据包络分析