Abstract:

Considering that a retailer outsources logistics services to a third-party logistics (TPL) service provider and a manufacturer reduces carbon emissions, this paper explores the impact of carbon emission links and carbon policies on the operation decisions of a fresh low-carbon supply chain. By assuming that the service level of the TPL affects the freshness of fresh products and consumers have a low-carbon preference awareness, game models were constructed under carbon tax and carbon trading policies when considering carbon emissions from production alone and from both production and transportation, respectively. It is found that when considering production carbon emissions alone, the service level of the TPL is not affected by the change of carbon policy. However, when considering both production and transportation carbon emissions, the carbon emissions from transportation will generate additional costs, which will inhibit the willingness of the TPL to improve service level. If the carbon tax price is lower (higher) than the carbon trading price, the service level of the TPL under the carbon tax policy is also lower (higher) than the carbon trading policy. Furthermore, considering the special case that the logistics service cost, the freshness, and the carbon emission reduction cost are all power functions, it is found that the carbon emission behavior of supply chain members will indirectly weaken the reduction efforts of carbon-reduction enterprises. In the economically developed stage, in which the carbon-reduction technology is more mature, the government will be more inclined to implement the carbon trading policy. Non-carbon-reduction enterprises will act as the free riders, who can benefit from the increase of consumers’ willingness to pay and market demand caused by emission reduction enterprise. The profits of supply chain members are not necessarily damaged by the carbon emissions from the transportation. However, they will benefit from the rising market demand under certain circumstances.

Key words: carbon tax, carbon trading, carbon reduction, fresh low-carbon supply chain, third-party logistics (TPL)

摘要：

考虑零售商将物流外包给第三方物流服务商（TPL）且生产商进行碳减排的情形，探究了碳排放环节及碳政策变化对于生鲜低碳供应链运营决策的影响。假设TPL的物流服务水平影响生鲜农产品新鲜度且消费者具有低碳偏好意识，在单独考虑生产碳排放和同时考虑产运碳排放两种情形下，分别构建了碳税政策和碳交易政策下的博弈模型。研究发现：单独考虑生产碳排放时，TPL的物流服务水平决策不受碳政策变化的影响；产运同时存在碳排放时，运输环节的碳排放由于产生了额外的成本，抑制了TPL提升物流服务水平的动力；若碳税价格低于（高于）碳交易价格，则碳税政策下TPL的物流服务水平也相应低于（高于）碳交易政策的情形。进一步考虑物流服务成本、新鲜度和碳减排成本均为幂函数的情形，研究发现：供应链成员的碳排放行为会间接削弱减排企业的碳减排力度；在减排技术较为成熟的经济发达阶段，政府更倾向于实行碳交易政策；非减排企业均存在“搭便车”现象，其受益于减排企业减排导致的消费者支付意愿和市场需求的上升；供应链成员利润并非一定受损于运输环节的碳排放，特定情形下会因市场需求上涨而受益。

关键词: 碳税, 碳交易, 碳减排, 生鲜低碳供应链, 第三方物流服务商