Abstract: To address the allocation problem of rural integrated energy systems, this paper proposes a multi-objective, bi-level robust optimization allocation method that considers constraints from external electricity, heat, and gas networks, as well as efficient energy cascade utilization, with flexible heat-to-power ratio combined heat and power (CHP) units as the core equipment. First, it develops a system model incorporating both the external networks and the core CHP units. Then, balancing thermodynamic efficiency and economic performance, it constructs a planning-and-operation integrated two-level optimization model. Finally, it solves the lower-level model using the ideal point method, while transforming and solving the upper-level model using the fully tolerant hierarchical method combined with a comprehensive subjective-objective weighting approach to obtain the optimal configuration scheme. The results indicate that the introduction of flexible heat-to-power ratio CHP units significantly improves multiple energy supply metrics. In particular, during peak heating or cooling seasons, the system can effectively balance economic performance with thermodynamic completeness (exergy efficiency).

Key words: efficient energy cascade utilization, rural integrated energy system, scenario clustering, bi-level optimization allocation, multi-objective optimization

摘要： 针对农村综合能源系统配置问题，本文提出一种考虑外部电/热/气多能网络约束与能量梯级利用的多目标双层鲁棒优化配置方法，该方法以灵活热电比的热电联供机组为核心设备。首先，建立了包含外部网络与核心机组的农村综合能源系统模型；其次，兼顾?效率与经济性两类指标，构建了规划-运行一体化的双层优化配置模型；最后，采用理想点法处理下层模型,并通过宽容完全分层法结合主客观综合赋权法对上层模型进行转化与求解，从而得到系统最优配置方案。结果表明：引入灵活热电比的热电联供机组能够显著改善系统的多项供能指标,尤其在冷、热负荷较高的供暖季或供冷季，可有效兼顾系统的经济效益与热力学完善度（?效率）。

关键词: 能量梯级高效利用, 农村综合能源系统, 场景聚类, 双层优化配置, 多目标优化