A new power system consisting of a power generation enterprise and an electricity sales enterprise was constructed to address the issue of who will invest in renewable energy storage devices in the new power system. Three scenarios were considered: a power generation enterprise (integrating renewable energy and traditional energy), an electricity sales enterprise, and a renewable energy enterprise, investing in the construction of energy storage equipment. Corresponding Stackelberg models were constructed and solved using the reverse induction method. Based on equilibrium solution, it is found that when the renewable energy generation enterprise invests in energy storage devices, consumers pay a lower electricity price, which helps to increase electricity demand and achieve the highest social welfare. However, when the electricity sales enterprise invests in energy storage devices, consumers pay a higher electricity price, thereby suppressing electricity demand and thus suppressing social welfare. The increase in the cost coefficient of traditional energy generation is beneficial for the access of renewable energy power generation. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of energy storage device investment mode on energy storage quality, which, to some extent, would enrich the research in the field of energy storage. Finally, the situation of consumers participating in energy storage investment was studied, further demonstrating the above conclusions.