Abstract: Under extended producer responsibility (EPR) system, this paper examines a multi-tier closed-loop supply chain in which consumers exhibit environmental awareness. Stackelberg game models are constructed for four alternative recycling modes, with the battery manufacturer, vehicle manufacturer, retailer, and third-party recycler as the main body of recycling, respectively. The optimal decisions and profits of supply chain members under different recycling modes are derived, and the influence of government rewards-punishment policies, consumer environmental awareness, and cascade utilization of power batteries on recycling mode selection are analyzed. The results show that when the government subsidy is higher than a certain threshold, the battery manufacturer serving as the recycling main body is the optimal mode; otherwise, the vehicle manufacturer-led recycling mode is optimal and yields the highest level of social welfare. When the vehicle manufacturer’s investment in battery recycling exceeds a certain threshold, the battery manufacturer-led mode achieves the highest recycling volume; otherwise, recycling outcomes depend jointly on consumer behavior and the degree of battery cascade utilization. Moreover, higher battery recycling volumes and greater cascade utilization ratios significantly lower the environmental impact of the closed-loop supply chain. These findings indicate that supply chain members should focus on improving green processing capabilities and battery recycling efficiency, while the government should encourage producers to actively fulfill extended responsibilities through diversified policies such as fiscal subsidies and tax incentives, thereby promoting green technological innovation.

Key words: extended producer responsibility (EPR), consumer environmental awareness, power battery recycling, closed-loop supply chain

摘要： 在生产者责任延伸（EPR）制度下，考虑消费者具有环保意识的多级闭环供应链，分别构建以电池生产商、整车制造商、零售商以及第三方回收商为回收主体的Stackelberg博弈模型，求解不同回收模式下供应链成员的最优决策与最优利润，分析政府奖惩政策、消费者环保意识以及动力电池梯次利用情况对电池回收模式选择的影响。研究表明：当政府补贴高于某一阈值时，电池生产商作为回收主体是最优模式；反之，整车制造商作为回收主体是最优模式，并且该模式下的社会福利效益最大。当整车制造商在开展电池回收方面的投入高于某一阈值时，电池生产商作为回收主体时电池回收量最多；反之，还需综合考虑消费者行为与电池梯次利用情况对回收量的影响。此外，动力电池回收量越多，电池梯次利用比例越高，闭环供应链对环境的影响越低。由此可见，供应链成员应着力提升绿色处理水平与电池回收利用效率；政府应通过财政补贴、税收优惠等多元化政策鼓励生产者积极履行延伸责任，推动绿色技术创新。

关键词: 生产者责任延伸, 消费者环保意识, 动力电池回收, 闭环供应链