Abstract:

Considering “carbon tax and cap-and-trade” regulations, this paper analyzed the joint emission reduction decision-making in the supply chain. Consistent with reality, a two-echelon supply chain model consisting of a leading manufacturer and a retailer was proposed, where the upstream manufacturer depended on remanufacturing and the green technology to reduce carbon emissions, and the downstream retailer conducted relevant low-carbon promotions. By taking the low-carbon goodwill as a state variable, three differential game decision-making models were constructed to analyze the impacts of hybrid carbon regulations and different decision-making models on decisions, low-carbon goodwill, profits, and total carbon emissions. The results show that compared with the existing cap-and-trade regulation, the implementation of hybrid carbon regulations can further encourage low-carbon behaviors of the manufacturer and enhance the low-carbon goodwill from a long-term perspective, but will not affect the retailer’s low-carbon promotion decision-making. In addition, the supply chain decision-making mode will affect the effectiveness of hybrid carbon regulations. If the government sets a reasonable carbon tax price, compared with the decentralized decision-making mode, the centralized decision-making mode can further expand the demand for low-carbon products and enhance the positive environmental externality. Finally, the improved two-way cost-sharing contract can achieve perfect coordination of the supply chain. The results provide valuable reference for different members and the government. 

Key words:

hybrid carbon regulations, joint emission reduction, differential game, low-carbon goodwill, coordination

摘要：

考虑“碳税+碳交易”并行的混合碳政策，对供应链中上游制造商碳减排和再制造、下游零售商低碳宣传的联合减排问题展开分析。将低碳商誉水平作为状态变量，构建了3种微分博弈决策模型来分析混合碳政策，以及决策模式对成员决策、利润、低碳商誉和碳排放总量的影响。结果表明：与现有碳交易政策相比，混合碳政策可以从长期角度进一步激励制造商的低碳行为、提升产品的低碳商誉，但不会影响零售商的低碳宣传水平。此外，供应链决策模式会影响混合碳政策的实施效果。如果政府制定合理的碳税价格，与分散决策模式相比，供应链成员采取集中决策模式能够进一步扩大低碳产品需求、提升环境正外部性。最后，改进的双向成本分担契约可以实现供应链的完美协调。

关键词:

混合碳政策, 联合减排, 微分博弈, 低碳商誉, 协调